อ้างอิง ของ เหตุการณ์ 4.2 พันปี

  1. ↑ Another map for reference in Railsback, L. Bruce; Liang, Fuyuan; Brook, G. A.; Voarintsoa, Ny Riavo G.; Sletten, Hillary R.; Marais, Eugene; Hardt, Ben; Cheng, Hai; Edwards, R. Lawrence (15 April 2018). "The timing, two-pulsed nature, and variable climatic expression of the 4.2 ka event: A review and new high-resolution stalagmite data from Namibia". Quaternary Science Reviews. 186: 78–90. Bibcode:2018QSRv..186...78R. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2018.02.015. ISSN 0277-3791. The initial source where this map comes from had the map caption the wrong way around: Wang, Xinming; Wang, Yuhong; Chen, Liqi; Sun, Liguang; Wang, Jianjun (10 June 2016). "The abrupt climate change near 4,400 yr BP on the cultural transition in Yuchisi, China and its global linkage". Scientific Reports (ภาษาอังกฤษ). 6: 27723. Bibcode:2016NatSR...627723W. doi:10.1038/srep27723. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4901284. PMID 27283832.
  2. 1 2 deMenocal, Peter B. (2001). "Cultural Responses to Climate Change During the Late Holocene". Science. 292 (5517): 667–673. Bibcode:2001Sci...292..667D. doi:10.1126/science.1059827. PMID 11303088.
  3. ↑ Gibbons, Ann (1993). "How the Akkadian Empire Was Hung Out to Dry". Science. 261 (5124): 985. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..985G. doi:10.1126/science.261.5124.985. PMID 17739611.
  4. ↑ Li, Chun-Hai; Li, Yong-Xiang; Zheng, Yun-Fei; Yu, Shi-Yong; Tang, Ling-Yu; Li, Bei-Bei; Cui, Qiao-Yu (August 2018). "A high-resolution pollen record from East China reveals large climate variability near the Northgrippian-Meghalayan boundary (around 4200 years ago) exerted societal influence". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 512: 156–165. Bibcode:2018PPP...512..156L. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.031. ISSN 0031-0182.
  5. 1 2 3 Staubwasser, M.; และคณะ (2003). "Climate change at the 4.2 ka BP termination of the Indus valley civilization and Holocene south Asian monsoon variability". Geophysical Research Letters. 30 (8): 1425. Bibcode:2003GeoRL..30.1425S. doi:10.1029/2002GL016822. S2CID 129178112.
  6. 1 2 3 Rajesh Kochhar (2017), The Aryan chromosome, The Indian ERxpress
  7. 1 2 Paul Voosen (August 8, 2018). "Massive drought or myth? Scientists spar over an ancient climate event behind our new geological age". Science. สืบค้นเมื่อ 9 January 2020.
  8. ↑ Gasse, Françoise; Van Campo, Elise (1994). "Abrupt post-glacial climate events in West Asia and North Africa monsoon domains". Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 126 (4): 435–456. Bibcode:1994E&PSL.126..435G. doi:10.1016/0012-821X(94)90123-6.
  9. ↑ Bar-Matthews, Miryam; Ayalon, Avner; Kaufman, Aaron (1997). "Late Quaternary Paleoclimate in the Eastern Mediterranean Region from Stable Isotope Analysis of Speleothems at Soreq Cave, Israel". Quaternary Research. 47 (2): 155–168. Bibcode:1997QuRes..47..155B. doi:10.1006/qres.1997.1883.
  10. ↑ Arz, Helge W.; และคณะ (2006). "A pronounced dry event recorded around 4.2 ka in brine sediments from the northern Red Sea". Quaternary Research. 66 (3): 432–441. Bibcode:2006QuRes..66..432A. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.05.006. S2CID 55910028.
  11. 1 2 Parker, Adrian G.; และคณะ (2006). "A record of Holocene climate change from lake geochemical analyses in southeastern Arabia" (PDF). Quaternary Research. 66 (3): 465–476. Bibcode:2006QuRes..66..465P. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2006.07.001. S2CID 140158532. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ October 29, 2008.
  12. ↑ Booth, Robert K.; และคณะ (2005). "A severe centennial-scale drought in midcontinental North America 4200 years ago and apparent global linkages". The Holocene. 15 (3): 321–328. Bibcode:2005Holoc..15..321B. doi:10.1191/0959683605hl825ft. S2CID 39419698.
  13. ↑ Menounos, B.; และคณะ (2008). "Western Canadian glaciers advance in concert with climate change c. 4.2 ka". Geophysical Research Letters. 35 (7): L07501. Bibcode:2008GeoRL..3507501M. doi:10.1029/2008GL033172.
  14. ↑ Drysdale, Russell; และคณะ (2005). "Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of Old World civilizations is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone". Geology. 34 (2): 101–104. Bibcode:2006Geo....34..101D. doi:10.1130/G22103.1.
  15. ↑ Thompson L.G.; และคณะ (2002). "Kilimanjaro Ice Core Records Evidence of Holocene Climate Change in Tropical Africa". Science. 298 (5593): 589–93. Bibcode:2002Sci...298..589T. doi:10.1126/science.1073198. PMID 12386332. S2CID 32880316.
  16. ↑ Davis, Mary E.; Thompson, Lonnie G. (2006). "An Andean ice-core record of a Middle Holocene mega-drought in North Africa and Asia". Annals of Glaciology. 43 (1): 34–41. Bibcode:2006AnGla..43...34D. doi:10.3189/172756406781812456.
  17. ↑ Bond, G.; และคณะ (1997). "A Pervasive Millennial-Scale Cycle in North Atlantic Holocene and Glacial Climates" (PDF). Science. 278 (5341): 1257–1266. Bibcode:1997Sci...278.1257B. doi:10.1126/science.278.5341.1257. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม (PDF) เมื่อ 2008-02-27.
  18. ↑ "Two examples of abrupt climate change". Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. คลังข้อมูลเก่า เก็บจาก แหล่งเดิม เมื่อ 2007-08-23.
  19. ↑ Roland, Thomas P; และคณะ (2014). "Was there a '4.2 ka event' in Great Britain and Ireland? Evidence from the peatland record" (PDF). Quaternary Science Reviews. 83: 11–27. Bibcode:2014QSRv...83...11R. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2013.10.024. hdl:10871/30630.
  20. ↑ "Meghalaya Age: Newest phase in Earth's history named after Meghalaya rock | - Times of India". The Times of India.
  21. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (2018-07-18). "Welcome to the Meghalayan Age a new phase in history". BBC News.
  22. ↑ "Collapse of civilizations worldwide defines youngest unit of the Geologic Time Scale".
  23. ↑ "Formal subdivision of the Holocene Series/Epoch" (PDF).
  24. ↑ Mejías Moreno, M., Benítez de Lugo Enrich, L., Pozo Tejado, J. del y Moraleda Sierra, J. 2014. Los primeros aprovechamientos de aguas subterráneas en la Península Ibérica. Las motillas de Daimiel en la Edad del Bronce de La Mancha. Boletín Geológico y Minero, 125 (4): 455–474 ISSN 0366-0176
  25. ↑ Stanley, Jean-Daniel; และคณะ (2003). "Nile flow failure at the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt: Strontium isotopic and petrologic evidence". Geoarchaeology. 18 (3): 395–402. doi:10.1002/gea.10065.
  26. ↑ Cullen, Heidi M.; deMenocal, Peter B. (2000). "North Atlantic influence on Tigris-Euphrates streamflow". International Journal of Climatology. 20 (8): 853–863. Bibcode:2000IJCli..20..853C. doi:10.1002/1097-0088(20000630)20:8<853::AID-JOC497>3.0.CO;2-M.
  27. ↑ Kerr, Richard A. (1998). "Sea-Floor Dust Shows Drought Felled Akkadian Empire". Science. 279 (5349): 325–326. Bibcode:1998Sci...279..325K. doi:10.1126/science.279.5349.325. S2CID 140563513.
  28. ↑ Cullen, H. M. et al., "Climate change and the collapse of the Akkadian empire: Evidence from the deep sea", Geology, vol. 28, iss. 4, pp. 379-382, 2000
  29. 1 2 Weiss, H; และคณะ (1993). "The Genesis and Collapse of Third Millennium North Mesopotamian Civilization". Science. 261 (5124): 995–1004. Bibcode:1993Sci...261..995W. doi:10.1126/science.261.5124.995. PMID 17739617. S2CID 31745857.
  30. ↑ Riehl, S. (2008). "Climate and agriculture in the ancient Near East: a synthesis of the archaeobotanical and stable carbon isotope evidence". Vegetation History and Archaeobotany. 17 (1): 43–51. doi:10.1007/s00334-008-0156-8. S2CID 128622745.
  31. ↑ Watanabe, Takaaki K.; Watanabe, Tsuyoshi; Yamazaki, Atsuko; Pfeiffer, Miriam (2019). "Oman corals suggest that a stronger winter shamal season caused the Akkadian Empire (Mesopotamia) collapse". Geology. GeoScienceWorld. 47 (12): 1141–1145. Bibcode:2019Geo....47.1141W. doi:10.1130/G46604.1.
  32. ↑ "Strong winter dust storms may have caused the collapse of the Akkadian Empire". Hokkaido University. 24 October 2019.
  33. 1 2 3 Demkina, T.S. (2017). "Paleoecological crisis in the steppes of the Lower Volga region in the Middle of the Bronze Age (III–II centuries BC)". Eurasian Soil Science. 50 (7): 791–804. Bibcode:2017EurSS..50..791D. doi:10.1134/S1064229317070018. S2CID 133638705.
  34. ↑ "Decline of Bronze Age 'megacities' linked to climate change". phys.org.
  35. ↑ Lawler, Andrew (6 June 2008). "Indus Collapse: The End or the Beginning of an Asian Culture?". Science. 320 (5881): 1282–3. doi:10.1126/science.320.5881.1281. PMID 18535222. S2CID 206580637.
  36. 1 2 3 Giosan, L.; และคณะ (2012). "Fluvial landscapes of the Harappan Civilization". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 109 (26): E1688–E1694. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109E1688G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1112743109. PMC 3387054. PMID 22645375.
  37. ↑ Clift et al., 2011, "U-Pb zircon dating evidence for a Pleistocene Sarasvati River and capture of the Yamuna River", Geology, 40, 211–214 (2011).
  38. ↑ Tripathi, Jayant K.; Tripathi, K.; Bock, Barbara; Rajamani, V.; Eisenhauer, A. (25 October 2004). "Is River Ghaggar, Saraswati? Geochemical Constraints" (PDF). Current Science. 87 (8). Unknown parameter |name-list-style= ignored (help)
  39. ↑ Rachel Nuwer (28 May 2012). "An Ancient Civilization, Upended by Climate Change". LiveScience. สืบค้นเมื่อ 29 May 2012.
  40. ↑ Charles Choi (29 May 2012). "Huge Ancient Civilization's Collapse Explained". The New York Times. สืบค้นเมื่อ 18 May 2016.
  41. ↑ Madella, Marco; Fuller, Dorian (2006). "Palaeoecology and the Harappan Civilisation of South Asia: a reconsideration". Quaternary Science Reviews. 25 (11–12): 1283–1301. Bibcode:2006QSRv...25.1283M. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.10.012.
  42. ↑ MacDonald, Glen (2011). "Potential influence of the Pacific Ocean on the Indian summer monsoon and Harappan decline". Quaternary International. 229 (1–2): 140–148. Bibcode:2011QuInt.229..140M. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.012.
  43. ↑ Brooke, John L. (2014), Climate Change and the Course of Global History: A Rough Journey, Cambridge University Press, p. 296, ISBN 978-0-521-87164-8
  44. ↑ Wu, Wenxiang; Liu, Tungsheng (2004). "Possible role of the "Holocene Event 3" on the collapse of Neolithic Cultures around the Central Plain of China". Quaternary International. 117 (1): 153–166. Bibcode:2004QuInt.117..153W. doi:10.1016/S1040-6182(03)00125-3.
  45. ↑ Chun Chang Huang; และคณะ (2011). "Extraordinary floods related to the climatic event at 4200 a BP on the Qishuihe River, middle reaches of the Yellow River, China". Quaternary Science Reviews. 30 (3–4): 460–468. Bibcode:2011QSRv...30..460H. doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2010.12.007.
  46. ↑ Gao, Huazhong; Zhu, Cheng; Xu, Weifeng (2007). "Environmental change and cultural response around 4200 cal. yr BP in the Yishu River Basin, Shandong". Journal of Geographical Sciences. 17 (3): 285–292. doi:10.1007/s11442-007-0285-5. S2CID 186227589.

ใกล้เคียง

เหตุการณ์ 6 ตุลา เหตุการณ์ 14 ตุลา เหตุการณ์การสูญพันธุ์ยุคเพอร์เมียน–ไทรแอสซิก เหตุการณ์พายุหมุนนาร์กิส พ.ศ. 2551 เหตุการณ์รถตู้สาธารณะถูกชนบนทางยกระดับอุตราภิมุข พ.ศ. 2553 เหตุการณ์ นปช. ปะทะกับกลุ่มพันธมิตรฯ 2 กันยายน พ.ศ. 2551 เหตุการณ์แก๊สระเบิดที่ถนนเพชรบุรีตัดใหม่ พ.ศ. 2533 เหตุการณ์ทุจริตการออกรางวัลสลากกินแบ่งรัฐบาล พ.ศ. 2544 เหตุการณ์ 4.2 พันปี เหตุการณ์การสูญพันธุ์ยุคครีเทเชียส–พาลีโอจีน

แหล่งที่มา

WikiPedia: เหตุการณ์ 4.2 พันปี http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/a... http://www.livescience.com/20614-collapse-mythical... http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/an-ancie... http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/pi/arch/examples.... http://rivernet.ncsu.edu/courselocker/PaleoClimate... http://www.igme.es/boletin/2014/125_4/5_%20Articul... http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ILUR/article/view... //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11303088 //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12386332 //pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17739611